For a long time, the sociologist Miroslaw Bieniecki has been following developments in the part of Poland that borders Ukraine. In 2003, he implemented a qualitative research among local elites of Southeastern Poland in order to examine the attitudes toward Ukrainians coming to Poland to work or do business. Unofficially, this underdeveloped and poorer part of Poland is known as “Poland B, C or D”. However, in spite of the high unemployment rate, Ukrainians have found a niche in the local economy and work for example in construction. The respondents showed a high degree of acceptance as regards Ukrainians in the border areas and often had tolerant attitudes toward their illegal employment. Bieniecki believes that the Ukrainian phenomenon is considered as something normal and natural. During Fall 2004, a similar research will be carried out to reflect Poland’s entry into the European Union.